How To Create A Shooting Script for a Film or Video [in 2024]
Key Takeaways on: What is a shooting script?
A shooting script is a document that outlines the specifics of a film, including the scenes, dialogue, and shots, but with more detail than a spec script. This document helps the director, actors, and production crew plan the entire production and ensure everything is done correctly.
How do I write a shooting script?
- A shooting script breaks down a movie’s story into detailed scenes and shots. It also lists camera angles and directions to guide filming.
- First, you need to understand the story of the screenplay. Then, you need to organize scenes and shots for efficient filming. You’ll also include technical details like camera angles and lighting.
- The shooting script helps the film crew visualize and execute the movie as planned.
Are you a beginning filmmaker who is struggling to figure out what goes into a shooting script? I know how frustrating it can be to figure out the differences between a regular script and a shooting script!
I’ve been a screenwriter and independent filmmaker for over 15 years now, and I’ve written both screenplays and shooting scripts.
I’ve learned the ins and outs of what makes a script successful, and I’m here to guide you through the essentials of writing a great script! We’ll discuss what a shooting script is, why it’s important, and what to include when you’re creating the shooting script for your movie or video.
What Is A Shooting Script?
A shooting script is a detailed version of a screenplay or script used during the production of a film, TV show, or video.
It includes precise technical information alongside the storyline, such as scene numbers, camera angles and movements, shot composition, and director’s notes, as well as any other pertinent information. All of this information will allow for a complete and thorough breakdown of the script by the various film departments involved with preproduction, production, and post-production.
For example, the shooting script’s scene numbers allow the shooting schedule to be arranged in the order that scenes will be filmed, which might differ from the narrative sequence for the sake of production efficiency and budget.
This can be hard to get used to for new filmmakers, but it makes filming so much easier and faster!
The shooting script serves as a comprehensive guide for the director, cinematographer, actors, and other crew members. It helps to make sure that the entire production team understands the vision for each scene and what’s required to bring it to life on the big screen.
How to Write a Shooting Script
Creating a good shooting script for a movie or video is a detailed process that involves close coordination with all departments involved in film production.
The shooting script acts as a blueprint for production, providing specific details about what needs to happen for each scene and shot in the film. Here are the typical shooting script characteristics and the steps to create one:
1: Understand the Screenplay
Before breaking down the script into a shooting script, you must read and fully understand the original screenplay. Make a note of the characters, settings, and the general flow of the story.
2: Scene Numbering
Next, you’ll get into the shooting script format. First, you’ll need to number each scene in the script. Each scene is numbered for easier reference regarding script breakdown, scheduling, communication, shot lists, actor prep, and other department requirements.
When a scene is omitted in later revisions, the scene number will not change but will be labeled as “OMITTED” next to the scene number.
Note: How To Add Scenes At A Later Time
Additionally, new scenes inserted into subsequent drafts will get a new scene number, followed by A, B, C, and so on, between two scenes that already exist.
For example, if new scenes are added between scenes 42 and 43, they will be numbered 42A, 42B, etc.
3: Page Numbers
Use your software program to add page numbers to your shooting script at the time that it is first created. Note: any screenplay should already have page numbers by default.
Unlike in spec scripts, page numbers don’t change in shooting scripts, regardless of how many scenes are added or deleted.
In place of removed scenes, you’ll see a blank page, while with added scenes, the overall physical page count might increase, but the numbering is adjusted like with added scenes.
4: Title Sequence and Credits
Shooting scripts may include information on the title sequence, opening and closing credits, and where they fit into the film. This generally doesn’t apply to spec scripts.
5: Script Breakdown
Highlight or underline important aspects of the script, such as:
- The list of characters.
- A list of locations.
- Whether each scene needs to be shot during the day or night.
- Any props or special equipment needed for the scene.
- Costume changes for the actors.
- Special effects and visual effects.
- Stunts that need to be performed and filmed.
- Anything else that stands out as needing additional preparation or resources!
6: Storyboarding
Create a series of sketches for each scene, or use storyboard software to visualize how you want the action to unfold. You can use Celtx software for both storyboarding and writing your original screenplay!
Creating a storyboard will help you and your team understand the desired camera locations and movements, the blocking of the actors, and the sequence of events. These are very important, so make sure to do this step!
7: Determine Shot List
Within each scene, decide how many shots you’ll need, the required equipment for each shot, the type of shots (close-up, wide shot, etc.), and the order in which they’ll occur.
8: Establish Camera Directions
Define each shot’s camera movements and angles, such as pans, tilts, tracking shots, etc.
9: Detail Lighting and Sound
For each shot, determine the lighting setup and sound requirements. This might involve anything from general mood lighting to specific spotlights or accents and any necessary sound effects, music, or ambient noise.
10: Arrange in Shooting Order
Unlike the narrative order, the shooting order is typically organized to be the most efficient for production.
Scenes might be grouped by location, actors involved, time of day, or lighting setup to save time and resources.
11: Rehearsal Notes
Include any rehearsal notes that might influence how the scene is shot. This might include alterations in blocking, changes in delivery, or other adjustments.
12: Technical Specifications
Include details like:
- Type of film or digital format to be used
- Aspect ratio
- Frame rate
13: Draft a Schedule
Develop a schedule for your shoot days based on your shooting script. Factor in time for setup, rehearsals, multiple takes, and breakdown.
14: Final Review and Rewrites
Go through the shooting script with your production team, including the director of photography, production designer, sound mixer, and others.
Make any necessary adjustments based on their feedback.
15: Distribution
Once your shooting script is finalized, you’re finally ready to distribute copies to all key members of your production crew!
Everyone should have a clear idea of what’s happening each day of the shoot and what’s required for each scene. Make sure you have the email addresses of each actor and crew member, so everyone gets their copy of the shooting script.
Note: Expect Script Revisions!
Just because your script is complete doesn’t mean it won’t change as part of the preproduction and production process.
How many revisions can you expect?
As many as it takes!
Multiple versions are each treated as an entirely new draft, typically with different Writers Guild revision colors for each successive draft.
The first draft sent out is White, the next one is typically Blue, followed by Pink, Yellow, Green, Goldenrod, Buff, Salmon, Cherry, Tan, and then cycling back to 2nd White, 2nd Blue, and so on.
Remember, a shooting script is a living document that will most likely be adjusted as production progresses. Always be flexible and ready to make changes as necessary.
The Importance of A Shooting Script
A shooting script is the fundamental guide for the entire film, video, TV episode, webisode, or motion picture production! Here’s how it is important to the production:
- Detailed Guidance: It provides specific instructions for each scene, including actor movements, camera positions and lighting. This clarity will help the director, cinematographer, editor, and production team visualize and understand how each scene should look on film.
- Visual Storytelling: It outlines how shots are framed and sequenced. It effectively translates the screenplay’s narrative into visual language.
- Streamlined Production: It organizes shooting schedules efficiently by grouping scenes by location or set. This saves the production both time and resources.
- Cost Management: Helps in budgeting by detailing technical requirements. This helps to prevent unnecessary expenses.
- Creative Consistency: Ensures the film’s visual and thematic elements are consistent. This helps maintain the director’s creative vision throughout production.
Software to Create A Shooting Script
Creating a shooting script requires specialized software that can handle formatting, scheduling, and storyboarding needs. Here are some of the leading software options you can use to create a shooting script:
Celtx
Celtx is a comprehensive software for pre-production and scriptwriting. It includes tools for storyboarding, shot listing, scheduling, and cloud-based collaboration features. It’s my top overall choice for screenwriting software!
Arc Studio Pro
Arc Studio Pro provides professional screenwriting tools that follow film industry standards. It has a clean, intuitive interface that offers unique features like real-time collaboration and version tracking. It is beneficial when working with teams or getting feedback from various sources.
One of its standout features is its outlining tool, which lets you organize your thoughts and structure your story effectively.
Final Draft
Final Draft is one of the film industry’s most popular screenwriting software tools. It has professional script formatting plus tools for story development and outlining.
Remember, different software suits different needs. Some are more focused on the scriptwriting process, while others offer comprehensive pre-production tools. Consider your needs, budget, and preferences when making your choice.
Shooting Script Example
There are many different shooting script examples from the earliest days of movie-making.
The amount of information in the shooting script varies with the director and creative team bringing the story to life and their needs.
A great shooting script example is in the classic film 12 Angry Men (1957), starring Henry Fonda, about a group of jurors deliberating on a murder trial.
From the opening scene, we see the hallmarks of a shooting script vs. a generic screenplay.
Scene numbers for individual scenes (in this case, scene 1), camera shots (“long shot” used multiple times in headings and sub-headings), different shots within the action lines (“camera holds on steps and building front from a distance and the dollies in slowly”), and transitions (“FADE IN:”, “DISSOLVE TO:”).
All of these are required to execute the filming process and to help visualize each separate shot according to the director’s vision.
None of these would typically be seen in a spec script.
Here’s another scene from the same script, which shows that in addition to the above elements, shooting scripts can include information about actor blocking and which actors or items for the camera to focus on in a given scene.
Final Thoughts
Creating a shooting script for a film or video requires lots of planning and a deep understanding of the movie’s story and technical aspects of filmmaking.
From carefully reading and breaking down your screenplay, identifying key elements, storyboard creation, and establishing camera directions to planning your shooting order, every step is necessary when you’re creating the shooting script for your film.
Using the right software can further streamline this process and enhance collaboration among your team.
I hope you have lots of fun planning out the filming of your next movie! If you have any questions on this topic, please let me know in the comments below and I’ll do my best to answer them!
Common Questions (FAQs)
What’s the difference between a shooting script and a screenplay?
A screenplay is the narrative written document of a film or television program detailing the story, character dialogues, and primary action. A shooting script is a version of the original screenplay intended for production use – it includes technical instructions like scene numbers, camera angles, shot transitions, and sometimes specific lighting and sound cues. Shooting scripts are often arranged in the order of filming rather than in the order of the story.
What is the difference between a shot list and a shooting script?
A shooting script is a detailed version of the screenplay that includes technical elements such as camera angles, shot sizes, and specific blocking or staging information for each scene. On the other hand, a shot list (or shot plan) is a document derived from the shooting script, listing out each individual shot within a scene in the order they will be filmed, along with details like shot size, camera movement, and any specific notes for the shot.
Do you need a shooting script?
Yes! A shooting script is crucial for film or video production as it serves as a detailed roadmap for the production company and the entire team. It guides the shooting process by detailing technical instructions, like camera angles and movements. It helps organize the shoot most efficiently, ensuring all required shots are captured, and nothing is missed.
What’s the difference between a shooting script and a spec script?
A spec script, short for speculative screenplay, is a non-commissioned script written in hopes of being sold. It typically follows standard screenplay formatting and includes only story elements like dialogue and action. A shooting script, however, is a screenplay prepared for actual production, containing technical directions like camera angles, shot sizes, and scene numbers, and often arranged in the shooting sequence rather than in narrative order.
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